Lord, who was a descendant of David according to the flesh, and was appointed to be the powerful Son of God according to the Spirit of holiness by the resurrection of the dead” (1:3–4). Paul contrasts Jesus’s humanity (as David’s descendant, v. 3) and deity (which God declared by raising him, v. 4). His resurrection was done “according to the Spirit of holiness,” that is, the Holy Spirit. The Father proclaims that his Son is God by powerfully raising him from the dead through the Spirit’s agency.
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